Detection equipment explained

Do smoke alarms detect carbon monoxide?

A standard smoke alarm does not detect carbon monoxide. A separate CO alarm or a correctly certified combination device is needed where carbon-monoxide detection is required.

Materially reviewed: 26 August 2026Coverage: England premises guidanceReading time: approximately 7 minutes

Direct answer

Smoke and carbon monoxide are different hazards

Smoke alarms use optical, ionisation or other approved sensing methods to respond to smoke. Carbon-monoxide alarms use a sensor designed for the colourless toxic gas created by incomplete combustion.

A device should be identified by its label, standard, instructions and expiry information. Shape, sound or a single flashing light is not enough to identify its purpose.

Combined products

A combination alarm must list both functions

Some products combine smoke and CO detection in one housing. Check that the product is certified for each claimed function and that the location follows the instructions for both hazards.

A combination device can reduce the number of housings, but it does not remove requirements for appropriate coverage, interconnection, audibility, testing and replacement.

Placement

The correct location differs by sensor type

Smoke, heat and CO alarms respond to different conditions and may have different positioning rules. An unsuitable location can create delay, nuisance alarms or poor coverage.

For workplaces and shared premises, detection should follow the fire risk assessment and system design. Domestic alarm placement should follow applicable housing guidance and manufacturer instructions.

Testing and replacement

Use the test function and observe end-of-life information

Test alarms at the frequency stated by the manufacturer and relevant premises guidance. Record workplace system tests and act on low-battery, fault and end-of-life signals.

The test button checks selected electronics and sounder functions; it should not be treated as proof that a device is correctly located or indefinitely serviceable.

Frequently asked questions

Do smoke alarms detect carbon monoxide? FAQs

Will a smoke alarm warn me about a faulty boiler?

Not for carbon monoxide unless it is a certified combination smoke-and-CO device. A suitable CO alarm is a separate requirement where needed.

Does a CO alarm detect fire?

A standard CO alarm detects carbon monoxide, not smoke or heat. It should not replace required fire detection.

How do I know whether an alarm is combined?

Read the permanent product markings, model information, standards and instructions. Do not infer it from appearance.

Can one combination alarm protect a whole building?

Not automatically. Coverage, location, audibility and interconnection must suit the premises and applicable guidance.

Apply the guidance

Need fire-alarm inspection or system support?

A competent alarm organisation can investigate faults, inspect the system, confirm testing arrangements and explain whether design or coverage requires review.

Open alarm-system supportRequest fire-safety support

Sources and limitations

Evidence behind this guide

This is general information, not a product specification, emergency instruction or substitute for the premises fire risk assessment. Product labels, system documentation and competent advice take precedence.