UK fire classification reference

Fire extinguisher classes explained

Fire classes describe the material or fuel involved. They guide extinguisher selection, but the certified rating, product instructions, discharge effects and premises risk still decide whether a particular unit is suitable.

Materially reviewed: 26 August 2026Coverage: UK equipment guidanceReading time: approximately 7 minutes

Quick comparison

Match the class to what is burning

The same ignition source can produce different fire classes once materials become involved. Read the certified markings on the extinguisher rather than relying on body colour or a generic poster.

ClassFuel or materialCommon examples
ASolid materials, normally organicWood, paper, textiles and many furnishings
BFlammable liquids or liquefiable solidsPetrol, solvents, paint and some plastics
CFlammable gasesPropane, butane and methane
DCombustible metalsMagnesium, sodium and other specific metal risks
FCooking oils and fatsCommercial fryers and high-temperature cooking media
LLithium-ion batteries under ISO 3941:2026Rechargeable cells and battery packs within the standard’s definition

Common confusion

Electrical equipment is not the underlying fuel class

Electricity creates shock, arc and re-energisation hazards. While equipment remains live, only equipment specifically suitable for that situation should be considered. After safe isolation, the burning insulation, plastic, oil or other material determines the underlying class.

CO₂ is commonly selected for certain electrical risks because it leaves no residue, but it has limited cooling and can allow re-ignition. The correct provision depends on the equipment, enclosure, people and escape route.

Product performance

The class letter is only the start of the rating

Portable extinguishers carry tested ratings that indicate performance on defined test fires. Two extinguishers of the same agent and nominal capacity may not have the same rating.

Selection therefore considers both class and rating, together with floor area, travel distance, special hazards and the consequences of discharge. A premises matrix should not be used as a ready-made specification.

Practical next step

Turn the classification into a premises-specific provision

Identify fuels and processes through the FRA, confirm the class and scale of each hazard, then select certified equipment with competent advice. Review after new batteries, cooking, gases, workshop processes or storage are introduced.

  • Identify every relevant fuel and process
  • Check the extinguisher label and certified rating
  • Consider people, visibility, contamination and escape
  • Provide specialist agents for specialist hazards
  • Record selection, siting, checks and maintenance

Frequently asked questions

Fire extinguisher classes explained FAQs

What class is an electrical fire?

Live electricity is generally treated as an additional hazard rather than a UK fuel class. Once safely isolated, classify the material that is burning.

What is Class L?

ISO 3941:2026 introduces Class L for lithium-ion battery fires. Premises should still verify product certification and seek competent advice because battery size, chemistry and arrangement affect the response.

Can one extinguisher cover several classes?

Some certified products carry several class ratings, but suitability also depends on discharge effects, users and the premises. Multi-rating does not mean universally suitable.

What extinguisher covers Class D?

A specialist agent selected for the exact combustible metal is required. Ordinary ABC powder should not be assumed suitable for every metal fire.

Apply the guidance

Need extinguisher selection or servicing support?

A competent provider can connect the fire risk assessment to equipment ratings, positions, commissioning, maintenance and records.

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Sources and limitations

Evidence behind this guide

This is general information, not a product specification, emergency instruction or substitute for the premises fire risk assessment. Product labels, system documentation and competent advice take precedence.