The first decision
Know when not to use an extinguisher
Do not attempt firefighting if smoke affects breathing or visibility, flames are spreading, the fuel is unidentified, pressurised cylinders or dangerous substances are involved, the fire blocks escape or you have not been instructed for the equipment.
No property or stock is worth delaying evacuation. Close doors if safe, call 999 and follow the premises emergency plan.
- Alarm raised and evacuation started
- Fire is small and contained
- Correct extinguisher confirmed from its label
- User has received suitable instruction or training
- Clear exit remains behind the user
- No smoke, heat or hazardous fuel makes approach unsafe
Before operating
Read the label and identify the discharge controls
Extinguisher designs differ. Read the product instructions before an emergency as part of training; do not learn by experimentation during a fire. Check the pressure indication where fitted, tamper seal, hose or horn and the stated fire ratings.
Generic memory aids can help trained users recall a sequence, but the manufacturer’s instructions and premises training take precedence. CO₂ horns and metal components can become extremely cold.
Controlled operation
Approach only while escape remains possible
Keep low where appropriate, maintain distance stated by the product and direct the agent as trained for the fuel involved. Continue to watch the escape route and conditions around and above the fire.
Withdraw immediately if the fire grows, the agent has no effect, smoke increases, the extinguisher empties or there is any uncertainty. Never turn your back on the affected area immediately after discharge.
After the incident
Treat every discharge as equipment use and a reportable event
Do not return a partly or fully discharged extinguisher to its position. Arrange competent replacement or recharge and retain the service record.
Record what happened, preserve relevant evidence, inspect for re-ignition only through an authorised safe process and review training, equipment selection and the FRA.